Abstract This article analyzes the use of iconographic sources in the context of educational campaigns to combat Hansen’s disease from a socio-historical perspective at four points in time: the 1950s, 1960s, 1980s, and 1990s. Four posters are analyzed to identify the elements (textual, visual or graphic) used to develop discourse on this disease and those it affected and transformations and permanences in this discourse, as well as to verify how they became part of a narrative of institutional memory linked to public health in the state of São Paulo. These were produced by various public health institutions and are part of the Health Campaign Poster Collection held by the Emílio Ribas Public Health Museum.

Resumo Este artigo analisa o uso de fontes iconográficas no contexto das campanhas educativas para o combate à hanseníase numa perspectiva sócio-histórica em quatro momentos: décadas de 1950, 1960, 1980 e 1990. São analisados quatro cartazes para identificar os elementos (textuais, visuais ou gráficos) utilizados para elaborar um discurso sobre a doença e os doentes; suas transformações discursivas e permanências, além de verificar como se tornaram parte de uma narrativa de memória institucional ligada à saúde pública paulista. As fontes estudadas fazem parte da coleção Cartazes de Campanhas de Saúde, cujos itens foram produzidos por diversas instituições ligadas à saúde pública e integram o acervo do Museu de Saúde Pública Emílio Ribas.

Resumo Este artigo investiga alguns dos elementos de representação em produções literárias baseadas em memórias de ex-portadores de lepra (atualmente denominada hanseníase) que viveram o regime de isolamento, em vigor no país até meados da década de 1980. Além do estigma de maldição que a lepra já carregava, a medida causou inúmeros traumas àqueles que sofreram a exclusão social e a perda de seus vínculos afetivos. Essas experiências resultaram na escrita de autobiografias, biografias ou, ainda, romances inspirados nas memórias da vida em isolamento. Busca-se, portanto, compreender, a partir do estudo de alguns desses registros, como essas pessoas se viam e como viam a doença e os locais de isolamento.

Abstract This article investigates some elements of representation in literary work based on memoirs of people with Hansen’s disease (formerly known as leprosy) who lived the confinement forced upon people with this disease in Brazil until the mid-1980s. In addition to the stigma associated with leprosy, this policy traumatized patients, who faced social exclusion and loss of relationships; these experiences yielded autobiographies, biographies, and even romances inspired by their memories of life in isolation. Our objective is to understand, through the study of some of these records, how these people saw themselves and how they viewed the disease and their places of confinement.

This study evaluated different methods of extraction based on quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method for analysis of the antibiotics ceftiofur, cloxacillin and enrofloxacin in milk using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The QuEChERS acetate method has been shown to be inefficient for extracting such antibiotics. The optimized QuEChERS method presented excellent recoveries, from 95 to 99%. A complete factorial design was used to evaluate the effects of variables of the clean-up step: anhydrous octadecylsilane (C18), primary secondary amine (PSA) and sodium acetate (NaAc). Linearity (R2) above 0.96 was achieved for all compounds. Accuracy and precision were assessed by recovery. Accuracy was 91-99%. Intraday precision with relative standard deviations (RSD) lower than 12.3% and interday precision lower than 12.4% were obtained. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were obtained between 1.4-6.8 and 1.5-8.7 µg L-1, respectively. The applicability was evaluated using 91 real milk samples.

In this study, we investigated the chemical compositions and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of propolis produced by the stingless bee Frieseomelitta longipes and the honeybee Apis mellifera collected from colonies in North Brazil. In terms of volatile composition, both mono- and sesquiterpenes were detected in the propolis of F. longipes while only sesquiterpenes were detected in that of A. mellifera. Out of 50 volatiles identified in all samples, 26 were found exclusively in F. longipes propolis and 8 were found exclusively in A. mellifera propolis. The chemical profiles of the propolis extracts were determined by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry allowed to identify several prenylated benzophenones. A. mellifera extracts exhibited major antioxidant activity as assessed by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method and all extracts exhibited antioxidant activity as assessed by the β-carotene/linoleic acid method. The ethanolic extracts of the propolis showed promisor activity against all tested microorganisms.

Antioxidants are used to increase the shelf life of food and oils. The most common extraction method of antioxidants from natural sources is the use of organic solvents, like methanol and ethanol. Evaporation of all the organic solvent is necessary to prevent health diseases. In this study, we present a new "organic solvent-free" method to extract antioxidants, which uses canola oil as extraction solvent to incorporate natural antioxidants from oregano and ginger without the use of organic solvent. The oil solvent extraction capacity was assessed by assays of oxygen radical absorbance capacity method for hydrophilic (721.9 ± 10.5 and 89.0 ± 2.5 µmol TE g-1 to canola oil with oregano and ginger, respectively) and lipophilic (118.8 ± 7.4 and 48.2 ± 9.7 µmol TE g-1 to canola oil with oregano and ginger, respectively) compounds, oxidation test (Oxitest®) (1,434 and 1,018 minutes to canola oil with oregano and ginger, respectively) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (0.01 ± 0.02 and 0.11 ± 0.06 mg MA g-1 to canola oil with oregano and ginger, respectively). Results provide evidence of the efficiency of canola oil as antioxidants extractor. Nine antioxidant compounds from canola oil incorporated with antioxidants compounds were identified using high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

Os óleos essenciais de folhas de Poiretia latifolia Vogel nativas e cultivadas (amostras A e B, respectivamente) e de flores nativas (amostra C), foram obtidos por hidrodestilação e analisados por CG, CG/EM, e através de cromatografia gasosa em fase quiral (CGFQ). Vinte e quatro componentes foram identificados, representando 99,25, 99,26 e 99,23% dos óleos, respectivamente. Os maiores constituintes dos óleos foram os monoterpenos (S)-(-)-limoneno (16,05, 27,60, 15,60%, respectivamente), (1R, 4R)-trans-(+)-diidrocarvona (18,05, 0,66, 77,80%, respectivamente) e (R)-(-)-carvona (61,05, 64,20, 4,50%, respectivamente). Os óleos essenciais apresentaram uma atividade antimicrobiana moderada quando avaliados frente a bactérias e Gram-positivas, Gram-negativas e fungos

The essential oils of Poiretia latifolia Vogel, native and cultivated leaves (Samples A and B, respectively) and native flowers (sample C), were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC, GC/MS and chiral phase gas chromatography (CPGC). Twenty-four compounds were identified, representing 99.25, 99.26 and 99.23% of the oils, respectively. The major constituents of the oils were the monoterpenes (S)-(-)-limonene (16.05, 27.60, 15.60%, respectively), (1R, 4R)-trans-(+)-dihydrocarvone (18.05, 0.66 and 77.80%, respectively) and (R)-(-)-carvone (61.05, 64.20 and 4.50%, respectively). The essential oils were evaluated against some strains of Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria, and yeast, but displayed only modest antimicrobial activity.

The essential oils from leaves (sample A) and flowers (sample B) of Aeolanthus suaveolens Mart. ex Spreng were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC, GC-MS, and chiral phase gas chromatography (CPGC). Six compounds have been identified from the essential oils, representing ca 94.3 and 93% of the oils corresponding to samples A and B, respectively. The major constituents of samples A and B essential oils were respectively, linalool (34.2%/34.9%), (-)-massoialactone (25.9%/17.0%) and (E)-beta-farnesene (25.4%/29.1%). The enantiomeric distribution of the monoterpene linalool was established by analysis on heptakis- (6-O-methyl-2,3-di-O-pentyl)-beta-cyclodextrin capillary column. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from leaves and isolated compounds was also evaluated.

Os óleos essenciais obtidos das partes aéreas de Aloysia sellowii, coletadas em duas diferentes localidades (A e B) do sul do Brasil, foram analisadas por CG, CG-EM, e através de cromatografia gasosa com fases quirais (CGC). Dos quarenta e oito componentes identificados, representando cerca de 93 e 91% dos óleos das regiões A e B, respectivamente, 1,8-cineol, beta-pineno, sabineno e beta-(Z)-santalol foram os principais componentes. Um "screening" preliminar das duas amostras de óleos de A. sellowii mostrou atividade frente a Artemia salina (LC50 = 2,85 µg mL-1), além de exibirem atividade antimicrobiana frente a bactérias Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas e frente a leveduras (MIC 1,7-16 mg mL-1).

The essential oils obtained from aerial parts of Aloysia sellowii from two different collection locations Southern Brazil (A and B), were analyzed by GC, GC/MS, and chiral phase gas chromatography (CPGC). It was identified 48 compounds representing ca 93% and 91% of the oils of samples A and B, respectively. Besides them 1,8-Cineole, beta-pinene, sabinene, and beta-(Z)-santalol were the major components. In a preliminary biological screening the samples of essential oils of A. sellowii displayed strong activity in the brine shrimp lethality assay (LC50 = 2.85 µg mL-1) as well as antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms and two yeasts (MIC 1.7-16 mg mL-1).